Finance Ground

Archive for the ‘Soil Conservation’ Category

I Background:-

Population in Washim district is engaged mostly in agriculture. Farming is major source of income to the rural people of the district. Under farming 90% of the area comes under dry land farming. These dry land farmers faced natural calamities almost every alternate year .Farmers have taken single crop due to unavailability of protective irrigation. Taking in to consideration the geographical condition & the rain fall of Maharashtra region, the Govt. of Maharashtra has undertaken programme of integrated water management on large scale from last 10 years. Among the different soil conservation measures and National Horticulture Mission, farm ponds have been established for water conservation & water harvesting. In such farm ponds, water are available near about eight to nine months, the water was used for critical irrigation. This untapped potential has been utilized for Magur farming.

II Technology / process which was intervened for its success

About One hundred Eighty farmers were provided long duration ten days training on aquaculture aspects and thirty farmers has been trained under magur farming.  All these trainings were conducted under National Fisheries Development Board, Hyderabad. The programme was implemented during 2007-08 and 2008-09.  During the training programme demonstrations were organised at Fisheries unit at KVK. After completion of training farmer has provided Magur fish seed as a input along with the feed. To minimize the feed cost & to increase the income from the small area the farmer has provided floating duck shed & Ducks of Khaki Campbell so that he can earn money by selling the duck eggs. The litters of ducks are used for the production of planktons so that the feed cost was half.  Detail subjects which were taught during training are given below.

Title of the training programme

 

Breeding and culture of Claries batrachus   i.e. Magur

Freshwater Prawn Farming in culture tanks i.e ( M.rosenbergii.)

Aquarium fabrication and its Maintenance

 

Water, Soil testing in Aquaculture & Identification of fish species for quaculture.

 

Breeding and culture of Cyprinus carpio i.e. Common carp

Role of aquatic weeds in Aquaculture management and Advance technology of Aquaculture.

Types of nets and gears used in freshwater aquaculture and their care

 

 

 

III Effect of the technology/ process on

Production

After having the training all the selected farmers were provided fish seed free of cost under DBT sponsored programme of “Magur Farming in existing farm ponds”.  Each farmers was supplied with 2000 fingerlings of Clarias batrachus. Some farmers were supplied IMC fish seed under KVK FLD programme.  Farmers received different levels of yield.

 

Productivity

It was observed that the average productivity of magur was 1098 Kg/Ha and average productivity of  IMC in polyculture was 481 Kg/Ha.  Overall productivity of the pond was 1580 Kg/Ha. The productivity of inland fisheries in Washim District is 606 Kg/Ha.  Therefore, we have received 260% higher productivity in small ponds.  By intervention with appropriate technology.

Economic gain

The economic gains were calculated.  Net profit varied between 6950 to 19770 on unit basis.  It varied between 17530 Rs/Ha to 182720 Rs/Ha.  Howver it was compared with Cost to benefit ratio and it varied between 1: 2.02 to 1: 3.44.  It was found that in monoculture of magur Shri Sambhaji Wankhede Guruji of Anchal received heighest C:B ratio of 1:3.44.  Under polyculture Dr.Sanap of Malegaon received C: B ratio of 1: 2.41 during a period of one year.

 

Suitability in the existing farming/cropping system

 

In washim district the available aquaculture potenstial is about 5032 Ha in the form of irrigation percolation and village tanks.  There are 86 fish cooperative societies registered in the district doin the fish culture by extensive method.  It is worth to note that all the fisheries is done in existing irrigation tanks and percolation tanks.  The data referred above for district average productivity is taken from the fisheries in these type of water bodies.  The practice used in the present success story is most suitable for small water bodies preferably within one hectare.  However, with proper management and resources it can be successfully replicated in larger bodies also.

 

Acceptance of technology/process in terms of views of the farmers

The technology is adopted with full spirit by the selected farmers.  The tendency to use limited water for crops also is being supported by the activity of aquaculture.  Therefore  objective of having rain water harvesting and its restricted use for achieving the higher water productivity is also achieved. 

 

 

 

Horizontal spread

Due to continuous news in different media like star maza, E TV , newspapers like agrowon, Deshonnati etc many farmers have started thinking about the activity in Soil and Water Conservation related farm ponds constructed under different schemes of Government of India.  National Horticulture Mission is also encouraging farmers to have such ponds lined with 500 micron Geomembrane film for reduced percolation and checked evaporation by means of use of certain chemicals and Thermocol sheets.  To date about 150-200 ponds are feasible for replication of the success story.  Out of that in Manora tahsil 7 tanks have been used by the farmers for fishculture.  In Mangrulpir tahsil 6 farmers have converted tanks for fisheries.  In Karanja Tahsil 9 farmers  and 7 farmers in Malegaon Tahsil have done fisheries at their own level of knowledge and without support of any external agency.  They need to be guided for further progress in this area.

 

Marketing channels

There is a lot of demand of fish in local markets established at Risod and Malegaon.  The deficit demand is being furnished from Nanded and Parbhani District.  Therefore, for few years there is local market available for the Magur and IMC.  People prefer fresh fish and therefore the Magur is fetching price of 80-120 Rs/Kg, the price of IMC is between 60-80/Kg

 

Linkage with technology

The technology is being taken from CIFA since long time.    

I Background:-

Population in Washim district is engaged mostly in agriculture. Farming is major source of income to the rural people of the district. Under farming 90% of the area comes under dry land farming. These dry land farmers faced natural calamities almost every alternate year .Farmers have taken single crop due to unavailability of protective irrigation. Taking in to consideration the geographical condition & the rain fall of Maharashtra region, the Govt. of Maharashtra has undertaken programme of integrated water management on large scale from last 10 years. Among the different soil conservation measures and National Horticulture Mission, farm ponds have been established for water conservation & water harvesting. In such farm ponds, water are available near about eight to nine months, the water was used for critical irrigation. This untapped potential has been utilized for Magur farming.

II Technology / process which was intervened for its success

About One hundred Eighty farmers were provided long duration ten days training on aquaculture aspects and thirty farmers has been trained under magur farming.  All these trainings were conducted under National Fisheries Development Board, Hyderabad. The programme was implemented during 2007-08 and 2008-09.  During the training programme demonstrations were organised at Fisheries unit at KVK. After completion of training farmer has provided Magur fish seed as a input along with the feed. To minimize the feed cost & to increase the income from the small area the farmer has provided floating duck shed & Ducks of Khaki Campbell so that he can earn money by selling the duck eggs. The litters of ducks are used for the production of planktons so that the feed cost was half.  Detail subjects which were taught during training are given below.

Title of the training programme

 

Breeding and culture of Claries batrachus   i.e. Magur

Freshwater Prawn Farming in culture tanks i.e ( M.rosenbergii.)

Aquarium fabrication and its Maintenance

 

Water, Soil testing in Aquaculture & Identification of fish species for quaculture.

 

Breeding and culture of Cyprinus carpio i.e. Common carp

Role of aquatic weeds in Aquaculture management and Advance technology of Aquaculture.

Types of nets and gears used in freshwater aquaculture and their care

 

 

 

III Effect of the technology/ process on

·         Production

After having the training all the selected farmers were provided fish seed free of cost under DBT sponsored programme of “Magur Farming in existing farm ponds”.  Each farmers was supplied with 2000 fingerlings of Clarias batrachus. Some farmers were supplied IMC fish seed under KVK FLD programme.  Farmers received different levels of yield.

 

·         Productivity

It was observed that the average productivity of magur was 1098 Kg/Ha and average productivity of  IMC in polyculture was 481 Kg/Ha.  Overall productivity of the pond was 1580 Kg/Ha. The productivity of inland fisheries in Washim District is 606 Kg/Ha.  Therefore, we have received 260% higher productivity in small ponds.  By intervention with appropriate technology.

·         Economic gain

The economic gains were calculated.  Net profit varied between 6950 to 19770 on unit basis.  It varied between 17530 Rs/Ha to 182720 Rs/Ha.  Howver it was compared with Cost to benefit ratio and it varied between 1: 2.02 to 1: 3.44.  It was found that in monoculture of magur Shri Sambhaji Wankhede Guruji of Anchal received heighest C:B ratio of 1:3.44.  Under polyculture Dr.Sanap of Malegaon received C: B ratio of 1: 2.41 during a period of one year.

 

·         Suitability in the existing farming/cropping system

 

In washim district the available aquaculture potenstial is about 5032 Ha in the form of irrigation percolation and village tanks.  There are 86 fish cooperative societies registered in the district doin the fish culture by extensive method.  It is worth to note that all the fisheries is done in existing irrigation tanks and percolation tanks.  The data referred above for district average productivity is taken from the fisheries in these type of water bodies.  The practice used in the present success story is most suitable for small water bodies preferably within one hectare.  However, with proper management and resources it can be successfully replicated in larger bodies also.

 

·         Acceptance of technology/process in terms of views of the farmers

The technology is adopted with full spirit by the selected farmers.  The tendency to use limited water for crops also is being supported by the activity of aquaculture.  Therefore  objective of having rain water harvesting and its restricted use for achieving the higher water productivity is also achieved. 

 

 

 

·         Horizontal spread

Due to continuous news in different media like star maza, E TV , newspapers like agrowon, Deshonnati etc many farmers have started thinking about the activity in Soil and Water Conservation related farm ponds constructed under different schemes of Government of India.  National Horticulture Mission is also encouraging farmers to have such ponds lined with 500 micron Geomembrane film for reduced percolation and checked evaporation by means of use of certain chemicals and Thermocol sheets.  To date about 150-200 ponds are feasible for replication of the success story.  Out of that in Manora tahsil 7 tanks have been used by the farmers for fishculture.  In Mangrulpir tahsil 6 farmers have converted tanks for fisheries.  In Karanja Tahsil 9 farmers  and 7 farmers in Malegaon Tahsil have done fisheries at their own level of knowledge and without support of any external agency.  They need to be guided for further progress in this area.

 

·         Marketing channels

There is a lot of demand of fish in local markets established at Risod and Malegaon.  The deficit demand is being furnished from Nanded and Parbhani District.  Therefore, for few years there is local market available for the Magur and IMC.  People prefer fresh fish and therefore the Magur is fetching price of 80-120 Rs/Kg, the price of IMC is between 60-80/Kg

 

·         Linkage with technology

The technology is being taken from CIFA since long time.   

There are a variety of reasons that deep soil mixing and stabilization techniques are needed in a particular area. These may include contamination, structural necessities or other enhancement issues. As technology has developed, it has become easier for problems of this nature to be addressed in an efficient manner. Soil engineers and environmental specialists are usually consulted before any work begins, but more and more this type of activity is being used to help supplement planned projects. The main idea is that the entire project becomes a whole lot easier to manage by first improving upon the ground under consideration for development.

The Basics of Soil mixing

Soil mixing is the use of a binder to achieve a much better compressive strength. This method can be used with both cohesionless and cohesive soil type, although the former is much easier to work with. Ground in need to treatment is combined with a slurry of a cement-like substance in order to create a better quality of soil. This can also mean greater permeability and the increased capture of contaminants. This can then be excavated and replaced with better quality dirt.

The Machines that Make Deep Soil Mixing Possible

Large machines called augers bore a hole into the earth for delivery of the reagent. Giant paddles then stir up the entire load, creating a more uniform blend of materials. There is no one solution for any area, so the amount of additives will vary in proportion to the desired consistency. The other issue is how deep the treatment needs to be. At this time, depths of approximately 100 feet have been successfully completed.

Many times, the soil has to undergo stabilization techniques in addition to the mixing process. This is intended to improve properties and engineering characteristics of an area. It is most often used to treat a contaminated area. The additive choice here is Portland cement as it help to bind up toxic materials, making the soil less permeable with a greater compressive strength. By using the proper combination of elements here, the ground can be taken out and used in a landfill or possibly reused on-site for greater development. As an added bonus, the structural properties of this area are greatly increased as well.

Benefits of Soil Mixing

By combining soil mixing and stabilization techniques, scientists are able to reclaim land that was deemed unusable. This conservation of natural resources, is one of the primary forces driving the current “green” movement and should flourish with proper attention.

Imagine a healthy, green backyard garden: perfect for lounging, great for ball games and barbecues, a real asset to your home. But did you know that your bakyard garden, and how you take care of it, can also help the environment?

Healthy grass provides feeding ground for birds, who find it a rich source of insects, worms, and other food. Thick grass prevents soil erosion, filters contaminants from rainwater, and absorbs many types of airborne pollutants, like dust and soot. Grass is also highly efficient at converting carbon dioxide to oxygen, a process that helps clean the air.

Caring for your bakyard garden properly can both enhance its appearance and contribute to its environmental benefits.

Your backyard garden can be tough but you don’t have to be an expert to grow a healthy backyard garden. Just keep in mind that the secret is to work with nature. This means creating conditions for grass to thrive and resist damage from weeds, disease, and insect pests.

It means setting realistic goals for your backyard garden, whether you or a professional garden or lawn care service will be doing the work. And if you choose to use pesticides, it means using them with care so as to get the most benefit and reduce any risks.

Let’s talk a little about organic gardening. We will discuss the term “Organic” in a gardening context, it might be a useful start to define exactly what that means, so here it is, “Organic gardening is the way of growing vegetables and fruits with the use of things only found in nature”. Really simple isn’t it, but most certainly not commonplace any more in today’s world I suggest.

Having led up to all of that, a good question might arise as to exactly why you would want to indulge in organic gardening as such! Well, as the title of this articles suggests, here are six good reasons why you should do so, in my opinion at any rate.

1. You can easily make compost from garden and kitchen waste, alhough this is a bit more time consuming than buying prepared chemical pesticides and fertilizers. However it certainly helps to put garbage to good use, and so helps the environment.

2. Organic farming does not use chemicals that may have an adverse affect on your health, which is especially important when growing vegetables. The chemical companies do tell us that the chemicals we use are safe, provided that they are used according to direction. Research has shown however that even tiny amounts of poisons absorbed through the skin can cause such things as cancer, especially in children. Quite a sobering thought is it not!

On average, a child ingests four to five times more cancer-causing pesticides from foods than an adult, which could lead to various diseases later on in the child’s life. Remember, pesticides contain toxins that have only one purpose, which is to kill living things!

With organic gardening, these incidents are lessened.

3. Less harm is caused to the environment, because poisons are not washed into our waterways to give but one example, causing death to the native fish and polluting their habitat in most cases.

4. Organic farming practices also help prevent the loss of topsoil through erosion. The Soil Conservation Service says that an estimated 30 – 32 billion tons of soil is eroded from United States farmlands every year, and that’s only one country.

4. Cost savings, because you do not need to buy costly chemical fertilizers and pesticides with organic gardening. Many organic recipes for the control of pest and disease come straight from the kitchen cupboard, and sometimes other plants can even be grown as companions to the main crop. One example of this is the marigold, which helps to repel aphids from vegetables.

Mixing 1 tablespoon of liquid dishwashing soap, and 1 cup of cooking oil, can make a cheap garden pest spray for example. Put 3 tablespoons of this mixture in 1 quart of water and spray on to your plants. You will find this to be very effective!

5. A simple mulch of pine needles will help to suppress the growth of weeds, as well as keeping the moisture in. Another simple and much safer solution!

6. Organic gardening practices are much more likely to help keep the environment safe for future generations, and all of us who are responsible ciitizens, should always bear this in mind

The whole subject which is part of an on going worldwide debate, is far too complex to cover in such a short article, but I do hope that at least I have left you with some food for thought.

Imagine the overall benefits to be had in our environment, by many people undertaking even some small changes.

Caring for your bakyard garden in an environmentally sensible way can have a bigger impact than you might think. Your backyard garden is only a small piece of land, but all the bakyard gardens across the country cover a lot of ground.

That means you and your backyard garden care activities, along with everyone else’s, can make a difference to the environment. And that’s why taking care of the environment begins in our own backyards.